Processes of producing uranium chlorides



Jan. 15, 1952 c. D. WILDER PROCESSES OF PRODUCING URANIUM CHLORIDES Filed Oct. 12, 1944 INVENTOR. BY GoLEMAN D. MLDER ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 15, 1952 TNT OFFICE PROCESSES OF- PRODUCING CHLORIDES Ge emhn D-, i de e id h .es s he o, the. United States, of America as represented sion bii fhej Uni'ted States Atomic Energy Cominis eenneehee emn .2 9. Seria ee ss 8 Claims. (01. 23-445) ihrehilen, relate to, the. IEhZ I i Q H Q f; e e ehhi .v eh h deh edu t. end. m re h ieh er r o. hm. peh eeh eride alone, or eht ihine a. substantia PEQPQ FZ Q e u ani mhe e h er deh eln t eees er eh er hetr mg. variou compq ti e ee eh ihe ra ium eemeehnels w th arb e rachl rid aPQ f l: ried hr sw'i ehnte t of ein This. hreht eh hes er ieet t e a d, redilet e e1"; e cr nium eh eri e redhet, eemp fhe ie, a arge pre e lhehl ei hehteehle iide and various proportions of uranium hexachloride.

s urth r e ie t. f the nv ntion e ev de a, hiehry el loremeee s. e e. hr dh heh eff. u anium pe it e e de w i h onomical and s a l or lar e s ale eredhet eh 'ei a ehler de- A, ur her o e t. ei e hreht eh s. e ro d a. p o e s.- tor. he redhetieh o ranium Pent ehljende and mere ee ur um he hl ri e by. means, of; a continuous reaction wherein various compounds of uranium are reacted with vaporous, carbon tetrachloride which is carried by a rapid currentv of air. 7

A further object, of the invention is to provide a process for the production of uraniumpentachloride and more or less uranium hexachloride wherein a large effective reaction surface and maximum heat transfer is obtained through employment of a high velocity of the chlorinating mixture of carbon tetrachloride and air.

A process has now been discovered and apparatus designed; for treating uranium compounds, especially oxides and lower chlorides,

with carbon tetraehloride in a swift current of; air, whereby uranium pentachl oride is formed, vaporized, ranidly swept out of the reaction Zone,

and quickly cooled,

How the foregoing objects and related ends are accomplished will be apnarentf rom the following exposition, in which are disclosed the principle, the organization and divers embodiments of the invention, including: the best mode ee tem et d or ee r n out the s me. Eer e. r v n. by igh t eh ut the wr tten iescription, which is amplified by the aocompanymg drawing of the apparatus in which the Single fi is a ieer mmehe i e ele aheh Vi w. h r i c ion,v wi h e heh r s shewh n. 91

, ent nehz f rm a d; some P r s veree e to l l fi c n its bre d e n et. the nr eed re $9 39 heade by the pr sent inven io ce hh fiee Q91:

et he. er eh. etre er de l ve n e. sp dy tr am... 1, 15. a m, eseih e res l ant mixture r ehu en hm eerh hd h a o. the n i hborhood of 550 C. whereby uranium. pentachlm rise o med and ap zed nto th ur e t m in t e r n ihe. veher h-e. mixtu n a collecting receptacle so that most of the uranium chloride will condense and settle out, and sendn the a st eam hrou h a. duet eehe eter to h p i e res ual reh umreeh einihe ne ticles.

he eh erehle. QIQPRWQQ eemhrleee d fil ee Sup yin e iheh ehe hle ide. a de ice 01 eeh ih n lt. a, lesh, heiler h h. the erheh eh ehler ee. evaper zed e dlh he wi h. he e re etioh ehehzbe n. which he i eer ejh t eeh e ide adm xt e s react with he urehihhie teih ne r ma erial a h et ab t t e reee en ehemh tl d i ry u t 0 e hehehh t e. eh r us reactio ro c f om he r a t on, ehe he to. co ectin mean a, re ver. e ee le, he he bu k e r eipe rece t (uranium ehtee ler with or W o urahiuln hexachloride and, an electrostatic sep e etpr, er removing the remainder f eeee re in hat. cl stehke f t. h s een carried through the receiver by the air stream.

Referring now. to the drawing, there. is shown near the center a reaction vessel which comprises a horizontal heat. resistant cylindrical tube H, constructed of Pyrex glass or the like, about 4. inches in diameter and, about 4 feet long Located in the tube 5!, is, an open-ended boat or tray i} containing a, charge l3 of uranium com; For raw material, such as, uranium; trier,

' xi r uraniu tetr hlo de e h e fh t0, .5 eh used e e c mpr ing a refractory shell it, and a wound electrical resistance heating element i5 having two leads l8. and I? snrrounds 'thetube Ll. A tubezlextends hl ml h, h 111. 15 22. qfsorne heat resistant material, snoh asv asbestos, into, the. interior of the. tube- H at its adit end, to provide ingress for the ase u ize in, h t atme f e Source me: ter el: Ah heheheteht n. m e unl hot ehe hl n er ed e ve h the he ter and thehhhe ll, is used to Inez lijB the furnace, temperature The 2 3 is ele e e he w d 2!; in e gastight manner bymeans ofwater glass or the like. n

The 33 lfifififil; m te -went $1 ,9 3.

' ewe e h sle ee h h e ree leeie e Ye e lw h h s e e c. h r m xed- Whh eh T t, e 213, e; he tube eeh The'heeh e ler e ref h y he t e,

by means of an electrically operated hot plate 26 controlled by a switch 21. The air enters the boiler through an extension tube 24 which is connected to a source of supply at the joint 25.

Ordinarily, the air is taken from an air pres sure line conventionally represented at 3|. The air passes through a joint 32 and line 33 to a drying device 30 comprising an open-ended cylinder filled with calcium chloride. The line 33 extends through a plug 35 which seals the adit end of the drying device 32. The air leaves this device through a line 35 extending through a plug 31 sealed in the exit end of the device 34. The line 36 conducts the air into a second and similar drying device 30 comprising an open-ended cylinder filled with anhydrous magnesium perchlorate. The line 36 extends through a plug 39 sealed in the adit end of the drier 38. The air leaves the exit end of this device through a line 40 which extends through a plug 4i sealed in the exit end of the drier 58. The line 40 is connected by means of a joint 42, with a line 43, which in turn is connected with the extension 24 at the joint 25.

Extending into the boiler 23 through a gastight plug 5| is a carbon tetrachloride feeder tube 52, having on its end inside the boiler a capillary nozzle 53. The tube 52 constitutes a part of a carbon tetrachloride supplying device comprising a reservoir 55 and a tube 54 joining these parts. The capillary nozzle 53 is of such dimensions that a considerable pressure is necessary to force the carbon tetrachloride therefrom in the desired amounts. Air pressure is utilized for this purpose. It is supplied from a source of air pressure shown conventionally at 6|. The air from this source is supplied through a joint 62 to the line 63, which has, as a side arm, a conventional mercury manometer 64 for indicating the air pressure. The line 53 is connected through a joint 65 to a line 66 which incorporates a pressure regulating device for maintaining constantly and accurately a predetermined pressure on the body of carbon tetrachloride in the reservoir 55 and appurtenant parts of the carbon tetrachloride feeder. This pressure regulating device comprises a closed bottom cylinder 61 containing a body 68 of sulfuric acid, into which a side tube 69 from the line 66 extends. A plug 10 through which the tube 59 extends, closes the open top end of the cylinder 51 in a gastight manner. Any air passing downwardly through the tube 69 bubbles up through the body 68 of the sulfuric acid and out through a vent tube 1! which extends through the plug 10 into the free space above the sulfuric acid in the cylinder 61. The cylinder 61 is arranged for sliding movement along the tube 59 so that the head of sulfuric acid, through which air can escape, can be controlled. This pressure regulating device provides a very satisfactory arrangement for maintaining a definite uniform pressure on the carbon tetrachloride supply. The line 66 is connected through a joint 12, a line 13 and a joint 14 to a line 15 which extends into the interior of the reservoir 55. In order to equalize the pressure between the reservoir 55 and the tube 52, a side arm 16 of the line 15 is connected through a joint 11 to a line 18 which extends through a. plug 19 into the interior of the tube 52.

At the exit end of the tube II is a two-inch.

glass cross 9I having arms 92, 93, 94 and 95. The

tos, and this plug is sealed to the tube I I and arm 1 92 in a gastight manner b means of water glass or similar luting compound. To prevent clogging of the passage for the reaction gases and to free the central portion of the cross 9| and its arm from any material which might accumulate on their interior surfaces during operation of the apparatus, a scraper 91 carried on a rod 98 is provided. This rod is slidably and rotatably mounted in a plug 99, made of rubber or the like, which closes the arm 93 about the rod in a gastight manner. A hand wheel I00 fixed on the rod 98 serves asa means for manipulating the scraper. '-'A simple plug IBI of rubber or the like closes the arm 94 in a gastight manner.

' The arm 95 extends through a plug I02 in the mouth of a large receiver I93, to a point near its center. Suitably the receiver is constructed of glass or other chlorine-resistant material, and has a capacity of about five gallons. The reaction gases pass down arm 95 into the receiver I09 where the bulk of the uranium pentachloride settles out. The gas from which this material is separated in the receiver, escapes through a vent tube I04 also extending through the plug I02. The escapinggas passes through a joint I05, a line I06, a joint I01, a line I08, and a side arm H0 for delivery to a device for removing the last dust-like traces of uranium compound therefrom. Access to the principal part of the line I08 for cleaning purposes is gained by removing a plug I09, thereby avoiding dismantlement of the apparatus.

Usually, some of the uranium pentachloride is carried out of the receiver I03 by the stream of gas passing therethrough. This transported material is in the form of a powder that does not settle satisfactorily and is difficult to collect. Preferably, it is recovered by a fume remover of the electrostatic type. These devices (commonly referred to as Cottrell precipitators) are well known in the art and need not be illustrated or described in great detail. As indicated in the drawing, the gas containing the fine particles passes from the arm H9 into a dust collector at a joint I2I. The gas flows through a tube I22, a cap I23, a tube I24 where it is freed from ura nium chloride, and a tube I25 to a flue (not shown) for disposal or further use.

The cap I23 serves as an insulator and is normally constructed of some plastic or ceramic material, for example glass. The cap is cemented in a gastight manner to the tube I24. This tube. which is one of the electrodes of the separator. must be electrically conducting and is usually made of brass, butother metals, for example stainless steel, may be employed if desired. Extending through a seal I26 in the cap I23 is at-central wire I21, preferably of Nichrome or similar metal, which serves as the other electrode of the separator. The lower end of the tube I2 is fitted with and sealed in a gastight manner to a collar I28 bearing a flange I29. This collar piece is preferably made of metal, for example stainless steel.

A-frame comprising a bottom plate I39, the flange I29, and a suitable series'of bolts such as I3I together with their respective thumb nuts I32, holds a jar I 33 with its mouth against the underside of the flange I 29 in a gastight manner. In order to insure proper insulation and spacing of the wire 'I21 within the tube I 24, there is a "entrally located well l34,"of glass or the like.

"Qemented to the bottom of the j Locatad in.v this well and suspended by .the wire I21 is a heavy weight of lead or the like. This weight two llG-volt A. C. transformers I36 and I3! and a rectifying device I38.

In moving downwardly in the precipitator, the finely divided uranium chloride particles become electrically charged in the field existing between the wire I21 and the tube I24 and move outwardly, separating from the fluid stream and depositing on the interior surface of the tube I2 in accordance with the well-known operation of these devices. From this surface the particles drop, upon jarring or scraping if necessary, into the jar 133, from which they are removed from time to time for suitable processing.

Considering now the mode of operation, a charge of material is inserted in the tube II, preferably after being placed in a suitable tray, and the flash boiler is then connected as shown in the drawings. A current of air from the source 3| is then passed through the driers 3t and 38, the flash boiler 23, the reaction chamber in the tube I I, the arm 92, the cross 9|, the re ceiver Hi3, the vent line comprising parts. I04. I96, I08 and H0, the tube I22, the cap I23, the precipitating tube I24, the jar I33, and the extension I25.

When the charge is at reaction temperature, pressure is applied from the source BI to the car bon tetrachloride in the capillary nozzle 53, causing it to drop into the boiler 23 where it is vaporized and intermingled with the previously described air stream, whereby it is passed over the charge of uranium compound. The passage of the air-carbon tetrachloride mixture causes the formation of uranium chloride, which vaporized into the gas stream and is carried along the previously described course thereby. Upon reaching the cooler portions of the apparatus, the uranium chloride condenses and the great bulk of its settles in the receiver I03. Enough of the material remains as a very fine suspension of particles in the gases to make further recovery the consideration of the following specific ex.

amples. I

Example I The temperature of the reaction zone was raised to 550 C. and a charge of uranium trioxide (U03) placed therein. The material charged had a purity of 99.2% and contained neither tetravalent uranium nor chlorine. The reaction chamber was promptly closed and a mixture of air and carbon tetrachloride vapor passed rapidly over the surface of the charge. The air was taken from a pressure line and dried by passage through calcium chlori e and anhydrous magnesium perchlorate in the order named, before being introduced into the reaction chamber.

The charge first changed to a gray-black color, resembling somewhat uranous-uranic oxide (U308), and then a mat of yellow needle-like crystals formed over its whole surface. In a chlorine.

time, gray black colorpf the main body cf the material and the yellow color of the surface layer disappeared with the formation of a jet-black material, thereupon brown fumes commencedto form. The reactionmass at this stage seemed to :be a mixture of a liquid and solid. The brown fumes condensed in the receiver in the form of a fine brown powder. The treatment was continued until the reaction mass had disappeared from the reaction chamber. Most of the reaction product was a brown powder which collected in "the receiver, but a small amount of a black crystalline substance comprising substantially U014 deposited at that end of the reaction chamber that joined the collector. The brown powder was very fine and gave an analysis of hexavalent uranium 27.1%, tetravalent uranium 2935% andchlorine 41%. In this instance the -"analysis was made very promptly and it is possible that there may have been some condensed carbon tetrachloride mixed with the brown powder.

In this example and in subsequent examples, it will be noted that the results of analysis are reported in terms ofpercentages of hexavalent and tetravalent uranium. It will be understood that this method of reporting is used because the procedure of analysis for UCls involves splitting the uranium pentachloride product into a hexavalent and tetravalent uranium -compound and determining the proportions of the two. From consideration of relative proportions, 27.1% hexavalen't uranium and 29.5% tetravalent uranium and 41% chlorine in Example I, it will be seen that the product has the empirical formula UCli-as and comprises approximately 85% uranium pentachloride and 15% uranium tetrachloride.

Example II The temperature of the reaction zone was raised to 550 C. and a charge of uranous-uranic oxide (U308) placed therein. The starting material had a purity of 99.8% and contained no It had a hexavalent uranium to tetravalent uranium ratio of 2.01. The reaction chamber was closed and a mixture of air and car bon tetrachloride vapor passed swiftly therethrough as described in Example I. The first noticeable color change, as the reaction proceeded, was the formation of yellow needle-like crystals on the surface of the reaction mass. These needles later disappeared, leaving a black, molten mass, similar to that formed when uranium trioxide was the starting oxide. Some white fumes formedearly in the reaction. As the yellow crystals disappeared, brown fumes were given off and these were collected as a brown powder deposit in the receiver. some of the brown material deposited immediately after leaving the reaction tube and the delivery tube had to be tapped to cause it to fall into the receiver.

For a short period after the brown fumes had begun to come oi, the air and carbon tetrachloride were stopped and chlorine gas (alone) passed through the reaction chamber. After about five minutes under these conditions, the reaction stopped, no more brown powder being collected. Thereafter the reaction was allowed to proceed as previously described, with the change that small amount of chlorine was mixed with the air and carbon tetrachloride. This seemed to cause a heavier cloud of brown fumes to come from the furnace and the material collected in the receiver was crystalline.

The product collected gave an analysis of hexavalent uranium 29.2%, tetravalent uranium 20.4% and chlorine 37.8%, i. e. the empirical formula was UC15.11 indicating that the product was 89% uranium pentachloride and 11% uranium hexachloride. The product analyzed was damp with carbon tetrachloride.

Example III A charge of 4.5 kilograms of uranium trioxidc was placed in the reactionchamber at normal room temperature and the temperature raised to 550 C. A speedy current of air containing carbon tetrachloride vapor was then passed over the heated material. The air was dried by passage through calcium chloride and anhydrous magnesium perchlorate in series, and passed into the furnace at the rate of 100 liters per hour. The carbon tetrachloride vapor was admixed with the air and passed into the furnace at the rate of cc. (liquid) per minute. The product was so fine a powder that great difficulty was encountered in collecting it.

At one time the air was shut off for a short period. This caused the product to settle better, but the rate of its formation appeared to be much slower. The product collected was definitely wet with carbon tetrachloride, showing that an excess had been incorporated in the air stream.

Some uranium tetrachloride condensed in the cool portion of the reaction tube and caused clogging difficulties. The material collected in the main receiver gave an analysis of hexavalent uranium 23.8%, tetravalent uranium 33.9% and chlorine 41.6%, (UClasa). Additional material collected in the dust collector had an analysis of hexavalent uranium 33.2% tetravalent uranium 26.1% and chlorine 37.1%, (UC14.20).

Example IV The procedure of Example III was repeated using a charge of uranium trioxide. Air was continuously forced through the apparatus at the rate of 150 liters per hour, the air being admixed with the vapor of carbon tetrachloride introduced at the rate of 345 cc. (liquid) per hour. The temperature during the run was maintained within the range 550 to 560 C. The run continued for 70 hours. The cross at the end of the reaction vessel was scraped every six hours. No uranium tetrachloride was deposited within the reaction chamber. A yield of 1 gram of uranium pentachloride was obtained for each 4.31 grams of carbon tetrachloride used.

Example V The procedure of Example III was repeated using a charge of 8 kilograms of uranous-uranic oxide (U308) and a temperature of 540 to 560 C. Air was passed over the charge at the rate of 130 liters per hour. Carbon tetrachloride was mixed with the air, before its introduction into the reaction zone, at the rate of 6 cc. (liquid) per minute. The reaction was continued for 63 hours. Uranium pentachloride was produced at the rate of 125 grams per hour.

Example VI The procedure of Example III was repeated using a charge of 6 kilograms of a mixture of uranium pentachloride and uranium tetrachloride having an analysis of hexavalerit uranium 6.6%, tetravalent uranium- 56.1% and chlorine 31%. Air was passed over the charge at the rate of 180 liters per hour. Carbon tetrachloride was mixed therewith, before entry into the heated zone, at the rate of 6 cc. (liquid) per minute. The reaction was continued for 38 hours. Uranium pentachloride was produced at the rate of 236 grams per hour.

Example VII The procedure of Example III was repeated using a charge of 8 kilograms of a mixture of uranium pentachloride and uranium tetrachloride, as described in Example VI. Air containing a small amount of chlorine was passed over the charge at the rate of 225 liters per hour. Carbon tetrachloride was mixed therewith at the rate of 6 cc. (liquid) per minute as it entered the reaction vessel. The reaction was continued for 13 hours. Uranium pentachloride was produced at the rate of 369 grams per hour.

Emample VIII The procedure of Example III was repeated using a charge of 8 kilograms of the mixture of uranium tetrachloride and uranium pentachloride described in Example VI. Air having carbon tetrachloride mixed therewith at the rate of 6 cc. (liquid) per minute as it entered the reaction vessel, was passed over the charge at the rate of 303 liters per hour. The reaction was continued for 14 hours. Uranium pentachloride was produced at the rate of 286 grams per hour. Apparently the higher rate of formation was due to the faster flow of air.

I Example IX The procedure of Example III was repeated using a charge of 8 kilograms of uranium tetrachloride including some uranium pentachloride and having a slight amount of impurities, and having an analysis of hexavalent uranium 037%, tetravalent uranium 62.5% and chlorine 35.1%. Air having carbon tetrachloride vapor mixed therewith at the rate of 6 cc. (liquid) per minute as it entered the reaction tube. was passed over the charge at the rate of 3'7 3 liters per hour. The reaction was continued for 7 hours. Uranium pentachloride was produced at the rate of 260 grams per hour. No trouble was caused by the starting material being contaminated, and the contaminating substances were not found in the final product.

Example X The procedure of Example III was repeated using a temperature of 540 C. and a charge of about 10 kilograms of a 50:50 mixture of uranium dioxide and uranium tetrachloride. Air, at the rate of 50 liters per hour, was passed through the reaction cylinder andallowed to escape at the delivery end thereof during the two hours re 'quired to bring the starting material up to the operating temperature. A vigorous stream of carbon dioxide was passed through the collector system while the reactor was being raised to reaction temperature, in order to remove any ab sorbed moisture. The carbon dioxide passed through this part of the apparatus in a direction opposite to the course of the laden reaction gases, and was allowed to escape at the cross on the end of the reaction tube. Air was then mixed with carbon tetrachloride vapor at the rate of 5 cc. (liquid) per minute, and passed over the charge at the rate of liters per hour. composition comprising about 40% uranium pentachloride was produced and separated from the air current in the receiver at the rate of 256 grams per hour.

amass-.1

tion comprising ,about" 93 uran, ,mpentachlo ride and 2 uranium hexachloride was produced at the rate of 225 .gram'sperfhour.

Example XII The procedure 01" Example X was Air was passed over-the charge at the ratesof 3.9 liters per hour. Carbon tetrachloridewasmixed with the air at the .rate of 6.0 {to no. eiligtuct) per minute as it entered the reaction tube. A composition comprising about -,B 8 uranium pentachloride and uranium .hexaciiloride was produced at the rate of.88, grams,perhour.

Example XII] The procedure of Example ,2; was repeated. Air having mixed therewithcarbon tetrachloride at the rate of 7.5 cc. (liguid) :per minute, was passed over the charge at the Irateof .250 liters per hour. Uranium pentachloride iwas produced at the rate of 155 grams per hour.

The procedure of Example was mepeated. Air was passed over the charge at-gthexrate of 259 liters per hour. Carbon tetraohl ltidezwas mixed with the air, immediately Fbefore 1it entereei the reaction vessel, za-t yfiheiflittfif f 18.21%. (liquid) per minute. .Uraniumabsntaohlqride-was produced at the rate of Y145 grams :per hour.

Iviany compounds ormixturesnfnompmmd 10f uranium may be used as :the LSOU-I'CB of uranium h satisfactory r sults. iflomp unds cSUQh :a-s uranium dioxide, uranium -.tri oxide, ,u-rano suranic oxide, uranium .tetraoxide zandluranium tetrachloride, being especially suitable :ior ithe reaction and readily available, are generallyiused. The oxychlorides, uranous 1oxychloride -.(-UOC12) and uranyl chloride (002012) :are:als.o sconrerted satisfactorily. The charge generally. disappears pl ly when it is :made 'llpcof the atonementioned materials.

Air from an ordina y :compressed air line has been found suitable. The air may be dried in any suitable manner. The calcium -.chloride and magnesium perchlorate cylinders-described .-ha.-ve been used for convenience. Ermivalent drying means and arrangements willbepbvious to those skilled in the art, afterconsidera'tion of the foregoing description.

The indications .arethat-sthezfaster thet'flowacif air, the better theyield. of uranium pentachloride obtained. The formation of yellow crystalline material at the egress end-ofthereactionbhamber indicates an upper limit *for the -air flow. Rates of how of 250 to 400 liters per-hou-r-are'preferred, but good results have been obtained with rates as low as 100 or 150 liters per hour. Accordingly it may be stated in general terms that preferred. flow rates lie in the range of about 100 to 4G0 liters of air per hour, based upon the 4-inch reaction tube that has been described herein for purposes of illustration. The carbon tetrachloride employed with this air may vary from about 300 to 590 cc. (liquid) per hour. These rates of flow or" air are given in terms of its volume at room temperature (20 C.) and atmospheric pres sure. Assuming :an optimum reaction tempera..- ture .of about 550 ;C. .and substantially atmospheric pressure conditions -:in the reaction ;zone, these ranges for air and 0.014 employed in .the process-maybe.expressedmore generally, inter-ms of linear :velocities of the gaseous mixture in .the reaction -1zone (i. 1a., through an unobstructed cross-section of the reaction zone immediately following the charge), as equivalent to'linear velocitiesoi aboutl)? to 5.1.cm. per second for the admixed gases, :and wherein the air/C014 ratio in themixture varies from about 1.3 to 3.2 by'.vo1 ume. Specific ratios of the gaseous components of the m-ixture and -its linear velocities for-other reaction temperatures that lie within the scope of the invention may be readily'calculated from the datagiven herein.

Preferably, the rate'of addition of the carbon tetrachloride-is closely controlled. An excess does no harm as it is carried through the apparatus and condenses vv'iththe solid product, but an insufficiency seems to hinder the conversion. For charges in the neighborhood of .10 kilograms of uranium TriiOXlQ and an air now of Zoo to 400 liters-per hour, about 6 cc. of liquid carbcntetrachloride 'per -minu-te seems to give'scmew-h-at superior-operating and conversion conditions.

There seems to be no limit on the size of the batch of raw material treated. Excelientresults have been obtained with charges as small as 4 to ogre-ms and as large'as 10 to 15 kilograms.

The charge may be placed in a hot furnace'already at running temperature, or the furnace may be heated up after the charge is in place therein, -as desired. Some white'fumes "are generailygiven on at low temperatures and their disposal must be considered as a factor Wh811 the cold f-urnace-cold charge procedure is employed.

Ibis-preferred thatthe charge be at a-temperature inthe range -5"i0'to 560 C., for example 550 C., during the conversion, but it ispossic1e to produce uranium pentachloride using temperatures as low as 425C. -Runs-at the specific'temperatures of about 475 and 500 Crwere qui te a satisfactory.

It is tobeparticularly notedthatthelinear velocities of the reaction gases in the reaction zone, relative to the particle size of "the charge, are

such-as to rapidly sweep the reaction product .from the reaction zone without at the sametime sweeping 'anysubstantial quantity of the charge out of :the reaction zone and into the ,productreceiver.

jljhe term"j o int'is employed tocover areadily separable gastight connection .unless otherwise indicatedhy the context.

Although, many oithe advantages. of the presentinuention willbe obviouslto those skilled .in the art, it .is .ldesired ,to direct attention to the features ,of (1) .heinaable to usamany different times Qfistartin material, because many available ,uraniurn Gomponndsor mixtures of uranium oompoundsappear to be suitable assource material; (2.) usin air to :obtain the desired high streamingefiect 3 employing .carbontetrachlo ride, a readily available, economical and easily handled material; (4) utilizing a simple, inexpensive and easily regulated apparatus; (5) bringing about a rapid and complete conversion or utilization of the raw materi and (6) obtaining the final product as a powder, a form that can be handled easily.

In rsum, a swift stream of dry air, having intermingled therewith carbon tetrachloride vato per, is passed over a body of uranium compound ill.

, I a a gett ae temperature in: the range 425 to I 560 C.', ata' rate corresponding to approximately I 210-0110400 liters of air (measured at C.;and

atmosphericpressure) and approximately .309 to I 1 501) cc, (liquid) 1 carbon tetrachloride. per hour- '1 through a reactionzone having a diameterbf 'fo ujr inches; to fobtainf a product} comprising I I uranium :penta'chlorideIwith or'without a; suba 'stahtial proportion or uranium hexachlo'ride. The above ranges for: air and carbontetrac'hlo- I l ride' correspond to a. range of. linear velocities'for I the gas mixture or about 1;? to 5.1. cm; per second I I out departing 3 from the: principle; breadth: and: I spiritthereof; and-it istobe ujndejrstoodthatj this I f j invention is not limited to the specific embodiI- I I f 1 ine'ntsI thereof l except :as encompassed: in the Whatisclaimedis:

1. A process for producing the higher chioi'ides of uranium comprising passing a. streamof: air

j I in admixture with carbon tetrachloride vapor I I which the volumetri sandman och about I I f to 3.2 andflowin'g at sm ar; velocityoff aboht 11.7 to 51cm. per second over a uranium oxide eous reaction products, and recovering said uranium chlorides from said eiiluent gaseous reaction products.

2. The process as defined in claim 1 wherein said uranium oxide comprises uranium trioxide.

3. A process for producing a higher chloride of uranium comprising passing a stream of air in admixture with carbon tetrachloride vapor in which the volumetric ratio of air/C014 is about 1.3 to 3.2 and flowing at a linear velocity of about 1.7 to 5.1 cm. per second over uranium tetrachloride maintained at a temperature of about 540'? oxide, uranous uranic oxide and uranium tetra-" chloride and maintained at a temperature in the :range secs-b01560". C; gtoreact therewithyielding; j vapor of {said higher chlorideof. uranium; in 'ad-; 1 I' I I I mixtnrewithefiiuent gaseous reaction products; I I i 5 and recovering i said,- ghigher Iuraninmchloride from theefiiuent gaseous reaction products. I I I I I 5.;'A process;ior producinga chlorideof .uraj- Ilium having more-than :four: atomsof chlorine, I I to each atom of uranium: therein; comprising re;-: 1 I 1 I I I I acting a uranium compound containinguranium I molecularlyjcombined with; at leastoneelement of the group consisting of chlorine; and oxygen; I in atcmicproportions ofless than five atoms to. calculated at areaction temperature. of about 5 z i each of uranium-withastream of carbonItetra-. "550? Grand for aIpressure in the reaction zone of substantially atmospheric,- and .toa :range of;

adj/counties (by VO1umB)= '0f about 1.3 to 3.2. ;I Howeve'nalithespecific rangesorf'values for opera-ting conditions that; are set forth herein are I I I primarily for the I purpose of better: illustrating I 5 the 'imie'ntio'n- I and. one may depart from them "-ccnsiderablywithout sacrificing all the adVan- .Itaeesoftheinventi'on/ Probablymany-apparently widely diiferentemI- I 'hodirnents of this'inventionmaybe made. with-.-

- i I '1: n a o es o p o uc n I ridacompound; of the :groupeonsisting; of urac-I mum pentachlorideand: uranium: hexachloridie I by-thereaction of carbon tetrachloride vaporwith' material selected from the; group consisting: oi. I uranous oxychlo'ride', uranyl chloride; uranium Q maintained'ata temperature 549 meiosis. f i 1 dioxide-uranium:trioxide, iuranous uranicoxide I I 3 to react therewithyieldingvapor'of said higher 3 u an um tetrachloride-g;ithe'imp ov m r I uranium chlorides in admixture with effiuen t gas-I 1 chloride vapor admixture :with airin whi h I 1 f 1 I the volumctric ratio I of air/C014- in the range. of about 1.3to;3-.2;iwhichis fiowing-withzahnear. velocity 01.- between about -1 .'-7: to-5.1 cm. per second I I I I Iand at a temperature of between. 425 to 560: C. yielding: the; vapor. or .said chloride of; uranium. I in the: eihuent mixture org gaseous reaction; prod; I I I I I ucts, and'recovering the chloride of uranium from I said gaseous reactionproducts. I I I I I I =6.- ;The process as gdeiined in; claim 5 wherein; f c I I .saiduranium compound which isreacted with. said stream; of. carbon tetrachloride vapor in .ad- I I I mixture withair-comprises a compcundselectcd: -f I from the group consisting of: uranous oxychloride, I I

nranyl :chloride, uranium dioxide; uranium. tri I oxide, uranous 'uranic :oxide and uranium; tetra: I I

chloride.

1 I comprising-L ,con'du :ting the: reaction Ibyj passing; I I I I 5 a stream of said carbon tetrachloride vapor mixed REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file or this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Renschler et al Mar. 3, 1936 OTHER REFERENCES Mellor: Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, volume 12, 1932, pages 80, 83 and 84.

Number a uranium .chlo. 

1. PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE HIGHER CHLORIDES OF URANIUM COMPRISING PASSING A STREAM OF AIR IN ADMIXTURE WITH CARBON TETRACHLORIDE VAPOR IN WHICH THE VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF AIR/CCL4 IS ABOUT 1.3 TO 3.2 AND FLOWING AT A LINEAR VELOCITY OF ABOUT 1.7 TO 5.1 CM. PER SECOND OVER A URANIUM OXIDE 